Library: AIU Citation Examples

Reminder: Pay attention to italics and capitalization. In your reference list, every line after the first line should be indented.

Reminder: If the publication date is unknown, use n.d. instead. This stands for 'no date'.

Reference Format and Example

Last Name, A. A. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle if available. Journal Title in Italics, Volume number in italics(Issue number if available), pages. 

Kirsch, I. (2000). The response set theory of hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 42(3-4), 274-292.

Notes:

• A DOI (digital object identifier) is a string of numbers and letters that form a permanent link to a specific item of information.
• The DOI can be found on the first page of an article, or in a database description of the item.
• The DOI starts with the number 10, followed by a period, e.g., 10.1007/s10560-009-0185-x/ (precede this number with https://doi.org/)
• No two items have the same DOI
• If you do not see a DOI listed anywhere, then the item probably does not have one.
• If it is an item without a DOI, and it is from a library database, do NOT use the URL of the database--treat the item like a printed item instead. 
• If it is an item without a DOI, from an online source, other than a library database, add the URL of the item.

In-text Citation Format and Example

Parenthetical citation: (Last Name, Year).

(Kirsch, 2000).

Narrative citation: Last Name (Year)

Kirsch (2000)

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