Emails / Interviews / Phone Conversations / Letters, Etc.
Answer
Whenever you use information from an interview you conducted, an e-mail message you received, a conversation you had with someone, information you learned from an instructor's live chat or lecture, or anything else irretrievable or unpublished, the information is only cited within the text of your document, and not in the references list. This is the only instance where APA guidelines allow an in-text citation without a corresponding reference entry.
This format includes the first initial and last name of the person from whom you received information, the phrase personal communication, and the exact date of that communication.
Examples:
Parenthetical citation:
She received written credit for her contribution (J. Taylor, personal communication, February 7, 2012).
Narrative citation:
According to J. Taylor (personal communication, February 7, 2012), she received written credit for her contribution
Was this helpful? Rate it below!