What to do when a source has no author
Answer
In-Text Examples
Note: If no author is provided for a book, video, brochure or any other item whose title is italicized in the references – use a short version of the title e.g., the first 2-3 words of the title, and italicize them.
e.g.
Parenthetical citation: Case studies involve studying cases in a real-life situation (Research Methods Explained, 2000)
Narrative citation: According to Research Methods Explained (2000), case studies involve studying cases in a real-life situation.
Note: If you are citing information from part of an item e.g., an article from a periodical, or a chapter from a book – use a short version of the title e.g., the first 2-3 words of the title. Do not italicize the words, instead enclose them in double quotation marks.
e.g.
Parenthetical citation: “Citation is a task that is essential to scholarly writing” (“Citing Things,” 2012, p. 3).
Narrative citation: The article "Citing Things" (2012) notes that “Citation is a task that is essential to scholarly writing” (p. 3).
Reference Example
Note: In your reference list, use the source's title to begin the entry instead of the author.
e.g.
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
Was this helpful? Rate it below!