Library: AIUS APA FAQ

Note: A primary or original source provides first-hand evidence, while a secondary source interprets, analyzes or summarizes information from the primary or original source.

Note: If you want to cite information that has been quoted from a primary or original source, you should try to get hold of the primary or original source and quote directly from it.

Note: If you cannot find the primary or original source of the quotation, include the last name of the primary/original author in-text, followed by the year of publication if known, then the phrase ‘as cited in’ followed by the last name of the author of the secondary source and the year of publication of this source.

Example: 

You want to quote information that you found on page 44 of a 2020 article by Thomas C. Powell (secondary author)

However, Powell quoted from a 1971 book by Rawles (primary/original author) .

In-Text Citation Format and Examples

Parenthetical citation: (Last Name of primary author, Year, as cited in Last Name of secondary author, Year, p. #).

Example

"The veil of ignorance" (Rawles, 1971, as cited in Powell, 2020, p. 44) . . . 

Narrative citation: Last Name of original author (Year, as cited in Last name of secondary author, Year) . . . (p. #)

Example

Rawles (1971, as cited in Powell 2020) referred to the 'veil of ignorance" (p. 44).

Reference

Note: Only the secondary author is included in the references.

Example

Powell, T. C. (2020). Can quantitative research solve social problems? Pragmatism and the ethics of social research. Journal of Business Ethics, 167, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04196-7

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